Markup languages are designed to structure, define, and present text in documents. They use predefined tags or elements that indicate how text or data should be formatted, displayed, or processed. Unlike programming languages, markup languages do not perform computations; instead, they describe the organization and presentation of information. Examples of markup languages include HTML (HyperText Markup Language), which structures web pages, and XML (eXtensible Markup Language), which defines data for transport and storage. HTML uses tags like

for headings and

for paragraphs to format web content, while XML allows users to create custom tags tailored to their needs. Markup languages are essential in web development, data exchange, and document formatting. They separate content from design, enabling consistent styling across multiple documents or web pages through tools like CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). For instance, an HTML document defines a website’s content structure, while CSS controls its visual appearance. Their simplicity, flexibility, and widespread use make markup languages indispensable for organizing and presenting information effectively. They also form the foundation of modern web technologies, facilitating interoperability and accessibility across platforms.